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we d ANTOINE GALY CAZALAT, OF PARS, FRANCE, ONE HALF ASSIGNED i JULES DESPEGHER,i OF SAMEPLACE. t l 5v .Letters Patent No. 62,118, dated February 19, 1867.

die Sigikid: refemi tn it ttese'e'tttrs itcnt mit nikiugptt cf the To ALL wHoM I'T MAY eoNcEuN: l p

Be it known that I,-AN:roImt GALY Cnzsm'r, ehem-ist, of No. 18 Rue Goillon,`Psris, hsvo invented certain Improvements in the Conversion of Cost Iron into CnstSteuel, Mollenbls Cost Iron, or Puro Wrought Iron; und I-do hereby d eclsre that the following, token in connection with the drawings which accompany ind tox'xnport `H of this specification, is n description of my invention suiiicient 'to ennblethose skilledn tho'nrt toprnctise it. t This invention consists in modifying-in such n manner the ordinary rererbsrntoiy fnrnnoe that lcon bs nlnde` l x to decnrbonize .progressively considerable quantities of cse: iron liquoled by hent,'1hioh con subsequently, os may be `desired, be converted into malleable cast iron, puro tyrought iron, ordinsry steel, or ppro homogeneous enst steel, without nir bubbles. l I

Deocrptm of the -Improved Ftmtace. v

Figure 1 of the annexed sheet' of drawings is o longitudinal clevntionl in section, through the-line 1 2,*iig.;V

2, of my improved furnace. y

` Figure 2 is a. phtn in section through the line' 3 d, iig. 1.

Figure A8' is an elevation in cross-section through the line 5 6,. fig. 2; and Figure 4 is nn elevation in transverse section through the line 7 8,`g. 2. i l v4Zie.,the.circulnmahixuncy;:formed of boiler plsteand;`surronnded at its .bose with sfo-ontereencentrie sheii, B 'A, which"onstitutes o boiler for generating steam. L nre steps lending to the nali-pit situstedbelov the `r'.- bars C, which are fed with coal through the opening P, ond the 'lutter is closed, ofter lchcirging, `by s door lined with {ire-brick, The doors Q Q nre for the purpose ot charging pigs of spsthic pig iron,` H, between the bridge Cond the cross-stop I. The extremities of snid pigs are mnintninod in nn inclined position beve the working surface of the furnace, os shown in igs. 2 ond 3. A second und more considerable chui-go of ordinary cut iron is introduced through `the doors Q" Q', nem` the middle of thebed, where they are mnintined s .nd nrrnngsd, s.:`

-shoy'vn in iig. 3. `When the irc is lighted-on the grote G, the nme redected bythe ox'ohX .Y pnssol through :md heats both `these churges,l whilst the miste hoot that esccpes through the chimney B A evnporntsstho vstert in its outer eosin Thos ethic iron-melts rst nndtnccnmnlates in the u ci' reservoir, between the brid e C S P PP t t S .e

sind the crossu'all, which is inclined towards the hole, p, temporarily stopped withssnd or clay. Shortly after'` the-moss of ordinary pig iron melts also, ynud falls in n liquid state on the working-beivhereit isretninsd by the {ire-brick woll In this state it is purified and decnrbonised iul the following `indianer.: I insert in elch i side of the furnace n fire-clay tube, O. O','nnd in'connection `with euch of such tubesfn iirec1ny plots, H and N,

perforated by onehorinontnl passage, to which nro connected c series of perpendicular passages, t'pt', opening interally in the liquid metal. The stenni from the boilerB 'A lis ndmitted through the Icock R into these pns-` sages by the pipe O, nud enters theliquid metal throughthe lnternl openings z y, and becoming highly superheated by this contact, it undergoes decomposition. Its o xygen oxidizes Y:the iron und grsdunllyconsninestho t i "carbon therein contained, whilst the corresponding hydrogen puries the steel by destroying the sulphur nud other metnlioids which render it brittle. After hnving'injected the stumsiternntely noach of the conduits M und N, during scvenioxeight minutes cach time, thejdecnrboxized metul `must'bc exsinined. To that end the steam is shut o' and n ladle full of ironn cxtrnctod. This is converted into on 'ingot ond shuckon nn nnfvii.

Ii' itilies to pieces under the hummer it is n proof that itis still too much cnrbonined'for steel. Itycsn therefore housed as malleable enst iron. The cock R is for the purpose of blowing of unter which hos condensed` i .i in thc pipe O. t

t ldllcablc C'aet Iron. y t Castings mode of this metal nic/rendered less brittle in the ordinnrymonner, by the oxide of iron trentment. In this case, however, ns they will be duarbonixed in n grentmeosure, n less amount of fuel and of orc is required. This part of the process consstsin heating them in costiron vases nrrsngcd in loyers covered Liquid -Oxide o f Iron.- t y t When it is desired to couvert the metti coiiinngtii nn excess of onrhon into paridad liquiditeit iron,

mia y 2 theaction of thesteam, admitted through the cock R, is continued `until it is completely decarbonized, which eect can be easily ascertained before running into 'the moulds.

Ordinary Steel.

To obtain ordinary steel, a certain amount of carbon -must be reincorporatcd in` the metal. For this pur pose the sand plug pl sdrawn out, and Ythe liquid spathic' specular iron contained in the upper reservoir flows into the lower one, whereby the ca'rbon it contains is ,distributed to the mass of oxide of iron. 4 Whilst this action is taking place steam is admitted for a few seconds on both sides of the furnace. The metal can then he run out fit for converting into'rails of heterogeneous or ,Besscmer" steel.

C'ontinuous Process for the Manufacture of Steel. -li'tei ha'ng'rri'thc charge, ani'bei'ore the l'urnacenas iost'any of its intcr'iial'hcat, two new charge-Jef cast iron can be made through the door Q Q, Ql Q', and the sand or clay plugs reitted. In this manner nearly all the fuel required to heat the furnace for each separate operation is economired.4

Ucntz'nuous Process for Manufacturing Gast or Homogeneous Steel. In order to convert ordinary steel into cast or homogeneous steel, the metal must be maintained in a quiet state of fusion and at a vcry high temperature. To this endthe steam-cock R must be closed and the one r opened. The rush. of st eam upthe chimney Z has the eect of augmenting the draught, thereby increasing the combustion. The proper chemical reaction then takl'cs place, the oxygen abandoning tlicmetal to consume the frcc carbon, which has the e`ect of rendering cast steel formed in largo masses of as good a quality as when remelted in small crueiblesl As the liquid metal .is not in any way deteriorated by remaining Vfor -a considerable time in a quiet state'cffusion and in a highly heated furnace, successive trials of the same can be made untill it has acquired the property of .being forged and hardening like the bes-t cast steel; then the metal should be run out by withdrawing the plugs F' and K. f

Process for Casting Steel under .High Pressure.

It is well known that cast steel run into moulds is subject to blister and is otherwise porous, which defect reduces considerably its toughness. In order'to give to this metal its requisito tenacity it is subsequently reheated and thenvrollcd or hammered. As many articles, such as caunonhcannot be treated in this manner, I

have devised to submit them to a high pressure whilst still in a liquid state enclosed in their sand moulds majntained in .iron asks.` For this purpose,' immediately after runninga cannon, I cover hcrmetically the head by Aa metallic @phy-means of. bolts .or other derieesattaehed to the flask..v This cap. isvfittedinritsentre with# vertical pipe, and provided with a cock at its lower extremity, whilst its upper extremity is closed by a washer pressed by a bolt in such a manner as to act as a safety valve. Before attaching the cap, at, supposing one inch from the surface of the liquid metal, I introduce in` the vertical pipe, and between the cock and the uashcr, a charge of about one-qnarter of an ounce of gunpowder,'in the proportion of eightyparts saltpetre and twenty charcoal, with no sulphur. On opening the cock this powder falls on ,the metal, ignites,l and engendcrs about one-third of a cubic foot of gas at 1400 eentigrade. These gases exert ond-the liquid metal a pressure which is transmitted throughout tho entire mass, lthereby condensing the same and expelling the blisters. The effect thus produced is equivalent to th pressure of a head of liquid metalninety feet high, admitting that the' capacity between the cap and the surface of ,the metal contains thirtycubic inches. By making the asks pressure, which is preferable to the partial, irregular, and momentary action of 'a hammer.

' What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is l 1. The arrangement of parts, as above specied, applied on either side of the furnace for introducing steam intoor through the molten metal.

2. The upper reservoir of cast iron, as above described, for the purpose of restoring to thc purified iron therequisite amount of carbon for converting the same into ordinary steel.

-3. The conversion of ordinary steel into homogeneous steel bymaintainin'gthe liquid metal in a quietstato of fusion, and at a high temperature by injecting steam in the chimney; anch t 4. The means indicated of submitting steel cast in moulds to high gaseous pressure, whereby the blisters are expelled and the metal close grained and condensed. GLY CZALAT.

Witnesses: l

f FwF. Rswnomn, D. H.y Bassoon. 

